从《明史》历志看西学对清初中国科学的影响——以黄宗羲、黄百家父子的比较为例的研究

Effect of Western Learning on Chinese Science during the Early Days of Qing Dynasty as Seen from Almanac Records in History of Ming Dynasty——A Study Exemplifying by Comparing Huang Zongxi with His Son Baijia

黄宗羲、黄百家父子对《明史》历志的编纂起了重要的作用,并有较大的影响。就有关《明史》历志编修的思想、方法进行考察,尽管父子之间存在着继承的一面,特别是对于历志体例的变革性意见,即志中当载入大统历(授时历)立法之原以及回回历作表之法,但分歧的一面也是明显的,尤其是对待“西学中源说”的态度以及由此而来的关于中西学关系、人物等的评价。将黄氏父子间的异同及其影响置于明清之交的历史以及中西文化交流这一大背景下予以考察,并以梅文鼎、梅毂成祖孙作参照平台,有助于理清《明史》历志的线索及其关系,特别是其中西学的影响。

Huang Zongxi and his son Baijia played an important part for compiling almanac records in History of Ming Dynasty and exerted significant influence.The author inspects their thoughts and methods of compilation and finds their similarites and differences.They were similar especially in opinion about change in style of almanac records,namely the source for establishing unified almanac (almanac of time service)and the method for tabulating Moslem almanac should be entered into almanac records.They had obvions divergence especially in their attitude towards the theory of“Chinese origin of Westeren learning”and also in their evaluation for the relationship between China and the West and for the personages therefrom.The author advocates to place their similarities and differences and their influences on the major background of the history of early Qing and the relationship betwecn China and the West,and to take Mei Wending and his grandson Gucheng as reference,which will be conducive to comb the threads and thier relationship in almanac records in History of Ming Dynasty especially the influences by Western learning.