论地质环境变化与地质灾害减轻战略

Geo-environmental changes and strategy to mitigate geo-hazards in China

地质灾害具备自然、社会和资源三重基本属性。地质灾害起源于地质环境变化。地质环境变化的动力是地外天体引力、地球内动力、地球表层外动力和人类社会工程经济活动4种地质作用。在区域社会经济建设高速发展阶段,人类与地质环境相互作用程度加重导致地质灾害造成的受灾人口和经济损失绝对量是持续上升的。通过采取各种减灾行动,可以实现因灾伤亡人数持续减少,灾害损失相对社会财富增长的比例持续降低,从而实现控制地质灾害增长的趋势。提出了国家地质灾害减轻战略目标、战略对策和减灾行动,强调建立政府、科学技术界、工程企业界与公众社会“四位一体”的减灾战略“伙伴”关系,推动减灾理念从被动防治向科学开发地质环境的转变。

Geo-hazards have three basic attributes, i.e.: natural, social and resources. Geo-hazards originate from changes of geo-environments. The dynamic forces of geo-environmental changes are the gravitational force of celestial bodies, endogenetic force in the Earth, exogenetic force on the Earth surface and human activities. The increase in extent of interaction between humans and the geo-environment results in the sustained increase in population hit by geo-hazards and economic loss during high-speed socio-economic development. It is feasible that injuries and deaths due to disasters and the ratio of economic loss due to disasters to the increment of social fortune can be decreased steadily through various disaster reduction operations, thus controlling the trend of geo-hazards. The author proposes a national strategic target, countermeasures and actions for geo-hazard mitigation, emphasizes the establishment of a partnership for geo-hazard reduction strategy among the government, scientific and technological communities, engineering enterprises and pubic society and promote the change of the concept of disaster mitigation from controlling geo-hazards passively to developing the geo-environment in a scientific and sustainable way.