1[1]Capen DA. Classification of thoracolumbar fractures and posterior instrumentation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Instr CourseLect ,1999 ,48:437-441
2[2]Suk KS , Lee HM, Kim NH , et al. Unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal fusion. Spine , 2000 , 25 :1843 - 1847
3[3]Markolf KL , Delamarter RB, Fyodorov I, et al. Variables affecting pedicle screw plate fixation of an unstable L32L4 defect. Clin Orthop , 1996 ,327:283 - 290
4[4]Ohlin A , Karlsson M, Duppe H , et al. Complication after transpedicular stabilization of the spine. A survivorship analysis of 163 cases. Spine,1994,19:2774
5[6]deblick TA, Kunz DN, Cooke ME,et al. Pedicle screw pullout strength. Correlation with insertional torque. Spine, 1993,18:1673 - 1676
7[8]Krag MH, Beynnon BD, Pope MH, et al. Depth of insertion of transpedicular vertebral screws into human vertebrae: effect upon screw- vertebra interface strength. J Spinal Disord, 1988,1:287- 194
8[9]Brantley AG, Mayfield JK, Koeneman JB,et al. The effects of pedicle screw fit. An in vitro study. Spine, 1994, 19:1752 -1758
9[10]Polly DW, Orchowski JR, Ellenbogen RG. Revision pedicle screw bigger,longer shims - what is best? Spine, 1998,23:1374- 1379
3[1]Okuyama K, Sata K, Abe B, et al. Stability of transpedicle screwing for the steoparatic spine: an vitro study of the mechanical stability[J]. Spine, 1993, 18:2240 - 2245
4[2]Davne SH, Myers SL. Complications of lumbar spinal fusion with transpedicular instrumentation [J]. Spine, 1992, 17 (Suppl):S184 - 189
5[3]Diekman CA, Fessler RG, MacMillan M, et al. Transpedicular screw - rod fixation of the lumbar spine: Operative technique and outcome in 104 cases[ J]. J Neurosurg, 1992,77:860 - 870
6[5]Yamagata M, Kitahara H, Minami S, et al. Mechanical stability of the pedicle screw fixation systems for the lumbar spine [J].Spine, 1992, 17 (Suppl): S51 - 54
7[7]Halawa M, Lee AJC, Ling RSM, et al. The shear strength of trabecular bone from the femur, and some factors affecting the shear strength of the cement - bone interface [ J ]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 1978, 92:19 - 30
8[9]Daftari TK, Horton WC, Hutton WC. Correlations between screw hole preparation, torque of insertions and pull - out strength for spinal screws[ J]. J Spinal Disord, 1994, 7:139 - 145
9[10]Kwok, Amy W. L. BSc, Finkelstein. Insertional torque and pull-out strength of conical and cylindrical pedilce screw in cadaveric bone[J]. Spine,1996, 21:2429 -2434
10Bjarke CF,Stender HE,Laursen M,et al.Long-term functional outcome of pedicle screw instrumentation as a support for posterolateral spinal fusion:randomized clinical study with a5-year follow-up[J].Spine,2002,27(12):1269-1277.
