确定应力集中系数的解析应变测量方法

Analytical Strain Measurement Method for Ascertaining Stress Concentration Factor

为确定构件应力集中处的应力集中系数,通过对构件简化后进行弹性分析,建立应力集中处的近似应变表达式。由于该表达式是在作了一些简化假设的基础上得到的,反映了应力集中处应力应变的基本变化情况,但不能完全反映实际构件的真实情况。因此可以用它构成应力集中处应变模型的骨架,而模型中的系数则可根据实测数据用最小二乘法等方法确定。这样所得到的应变模型既反映了实际构件各种因素的综合影响,而确定系数所用的实测数据又不需太多。该文对带孔或槽的拉伸试件和带孔的圆轴试件应变测量数据进行了分析计算,结果表明这是一种较实用的方法。

In order to ascertain stress concentration factor of a member, the approximate expression of strain can be established in the region of stress concentration by using the elastic theory providing the member is predigested suitably. As a result of some assumptions, the expression can reflect the basic model of the strain, but it doesn’t completely consist with the real state of the member. So it can be used for a structure of the strain model and the coefficients in the strain model can be fixed by making use of the measured data. The models can reflect all the factors of the real structure and only need a few measured data. From several strain measurements of members, such as a tension plate with only a hole, or double troughs and a torsion shaft with a hole, the method is effective.