宪法实践与实践宪法——我国宪法司法解释的现实基础

The Constitutional Practice and the Practical Constitution-The Realistic Foundation of Judicial Interpretation of the Constitution of China

“8.13批复”①所引发的关于“宪法司法化”的讨论已成为宪法学者甚至整个法学界的一个热门话题,而最高人民法院是否有权解释宪法无疑是争议的焦点所在。从我国宪法解释的现状看,最高人民法院在适用宪法和法律过程中对宪法进行个案和附带性质的解释已是一个客观现象,所以,真正有意义的问题不是宪法需不需要、应不应该司法解释,而是如何立足于当下国情规范进行。只有将其存在的合理性上升为合法性(合宪性),才能充分实现其应有的理论和实践意义,并且,就其价值取向而言,宪法司法解释无疑真正符合宪政的逻辑进路:从范例到惯例的过程。

The discussion on judicialization of the Constitution initiated by 'the August 13th Reply ' has become a hot topic in constitutional and even the whole legal circles. The focus is undoubtedly whether the Supreme People's Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution. In the light of China's present situation of constitution interpretation, it has already been a common phenomenon that the Supreme People's Court interprets the Constitution attachably in an individual case. So, the really meaningful issue is not whether the Constitution needs to be and should be interpreted by the judicial department, but how to standardize the interpretation on the base of the current national conditions. Only after its reasonableness is transformed into its legitimacy (constitutionality) can the judicial interpretation of the Constitution fully realize its due theoretical and practical meaning. Judging from the value orientation, the judicial interpretation of the Constitution undoubtedly truly conforms to the logical access of constitutionalism: the process from a model to a convention.