句子语义的称名学研究——汉、英、俄语句子对比分析

An Onomasiological Approach to Sentence Meaning: With A Comparative Analysis of Sentences in Chinese, English and Russian

本文首先简要分析了汉语、英语和俄语句子在形式、语义和世界映像认知方面的差别。在借鉴俄罗斯学者有关学术理论的基础上,阐述了对句子语义进行称名学研究的必要性。作者认为,可以从逻辑学、语义学和句法学的交叉角度对句子语义进行研究。本文以指涉理论和逻辑—句法理论为基础,对比分析了3种语言中的指涉类型,在把词的语义特点和命题位进行排列组合后,在5种常见的逻辑关系基础上对3种语言中的句子逻辑—语义类型进行了初步对比。

This paper first gives a laconic analysis of formal, semantic and cognitive differences in Chinese, English and Russian sentences and elaborates on the necessity of an onomasiological approach to sentence meaning on the basis of the related theories proposed by Russian linguists. Arguing for an approach to sentence meaning by way of synthesizing logic, semantics and syntax, the authors elicit the theory of reference and the logic-syntax theory and compare the types of reference in the three languages. The paper also makes a preliminary comparison of the three languages in terms of 5 basic logic-semantic types generalized according to a term’s semantic characteristics and positions in a proposition.