1957年后公民权利受挫的宪政思考

A historical reflection on the constitutional confrontations of civil rights since 1957

五四宪法的颁布为新中国公民权利理论与实践的发展提供了强大的法律基础。新中国公民权利理论与实践的开局是好的。但是,从1957年夏起,新中国的法制建设却急转直下,而到了文化大革命,公民权利的破坏更是到了令人发指的地步。公民权利之所以在1957年以后受到严重的挫折,并不是偶然的。这与当时的社会历史状况有着密切的联系,究其原因主要在于三点:即人治思想的泛滥,高度集中的计划经济体制,以及淡薄的法律意识。

<Abstrcat> The Constitution of 1954 serves as a legislative basis for the theory and practice of the civil right in new China. Frankly speaking, it is a good beginning. However, Chinese legal construction goes worsening all of a sudden since the summer of 1957. And worse still is the cultural revolution during which the rule of law witnesses an unprecedented sabotage. The diachronic analysis in this paper renders us the awareness that all this is not coincidence, but is closely related to the abuse of political rule, utmost planning economy, and ignorance of legal ideology.