柏拉图《国家篇》中正义论思想的演绎新探

On Deduction of Justice in Plato’s Nation

柏拉图的《国家篇》关于国家正义到灵魂正义的论述中,简单地从国家的正义“类比”到灵魂的正义,在逻辑上显然是软弱无力的,这不能视为是柏拉图在这个重要关节点上的疏忽大意。笔者分析了把国家正义和灵魂正义联系起来的可能的三种说法,赞同并力图从“型相论”的形而上学基础上给出合理的解释。

Plato’s brief “analogy” from the justice of country to the justice of sole which is related to the ragumentation of the two aspects which is shown in his Nationis apparently feebele and weak on logic, but it cannot be regarded as Plato’s negligence on this important joint. We make an analysis on the three ways that may connect the justice of country and sole, agree and try hard to provide a rational explanation from “the theory of the type” on metaphysics foundation, and narrate the reason that ties two aspects.