对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)的流行病学与检测技术研究进展

Epidemiology and diagnosis of disease by infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV)-A Review

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病(IHHN)是国际兽疫局(OIE)划定的甲壳类其他重要疾病之一,它分布广泛,危害严重,对世界对虾养殖业的发展影响重大。随着国际贸易的不断发展,区域间个体的流动有可能造成该病病毒传播。有迹象表明,近几年来中国养殖对虾中已发现IHHNV,且呈流行趋势。目前,国际上已建立起多种标准检测方法以监控疾病的流行。本文就该病毒的病毒特性、感染宿主、传播途径、地理分布及诊断技术等方面的研究现状作一综述,旨为对虾病毒性流行病学调查及疾病监控提供参考。

Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is one of the pathogens causing shrimp viral diseases and was listed by OIE (Office international des épizooties) manual as the other significant diseases of crustaceans. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHN disease) was demonstrated to cause acute epizootics and mass mortality (up to 90%) in infected Litopenaeus stylirostris. IHHNV infection results in a disease called 'runt-deformity syndrome' or RDS. It has a world-wide distribution among cultured penaeid shrimp. Since 2001, there have been evidences of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in China. With the imported stocks and postlarvae of the shrimps from the countries which have the relative groups of the penaeid shrimp into China,it is important firstly to screen out IHHNV free populations. There have been many surveillance, detection and diagnostic methods established in the world since last century. In this paper,a general introduction of the geographic range,host range, clinical signs of diagnostic significance and the diagnostic procedures of IHHN were given. With the development of advanced diagnostic method, it is possible to manage the disease.