秦汉法律的性别特征

On the Gender Feature of the Laws Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉法律不仅具有阶级性,而且具有性别性。这从秦汉时代法律的刑名、施刑、减刑、量刑及法律的断案精神等方面即可体现出来。其性别性不仅表现为某些情况下对男性利益的维护,而且表现为某些情况下对女性的体恤与宽容。其对男性利益的维护不外是男权社会对男性权利尊重的反映;而对女性的体恤与宽容,一方面是受到先秦时代法律性别观念的影响,另一方面与秦汉法律本身具有体恤弱势群体的精神有关,也与秦汉社会对女子生育功能的重视有一定的联系。

The laws of Qin and Han Dynasties had the character of not only classes,but also the genders,which could be shown by the terms of criminal law,execute punishment,commute a sentence,penal discretion,the spirit of justice cease.The character of gender lay in the protection of males' interest in some cases and in the sympathy and mercy to the females in some conditions.The protection of males' interest was no more than the respect of the males in the male-power society while the sympathy and mercy to the females came from the effect of the gender concept of the pre-Qin-Han laws and it had something to do with the sympathy to the backward group in the laws of Qin and Han Dynasties.It also had some relationship with the attention paid to the females' reproduction task in the society of Qin and Han Dynasties.