青海城镇体系发展的历史轨迹与动力

Historical orbit and motive force of the urban system development in Qinghai Province

青海城镇体系经历了发韧期、奠基期、转型期3个发展历程.在这一过程中,湟水谷地最先拉开了城镇发展的历史帏幕,随后逐步向西扩展进入青海湖地区.宏观上,从农耕区向农牧交错区渗透,进而向游牧区拓展,反映了社会历史进程和地域开发进程的调控作用,因此城镇分布数量和密度呈现出农耕区—农牧交错区—游牧区逐级递减的趋势.中观上,以河流为脉络,城镇发展或溯源而上伸入高原腹地,或向河谷两岸推进,进入山区,表现为从优势生存空间向劣势生存空间的时空转化,城镇数量与密度呈现出川水地区—浅山地区—脑山地区的递减趋势.微观上,河谷农耕区城镇选址多位于河流阶地上,土地肥沃,取水便利;而牧区城镇的选址却往往与水草丰美的牧场相关,映射出古代城镇对自然条件和自然物质基础的依赖性.总体而言,青海省城镇兴起和发展的动力,主要来自于外部中央行政建制和军事据点的设置,而非城镇内部社会经济自我发展.就单个城镇而言,民族文化、民族宗教与民族贸易的亲合关系和响应力,是城镇成长的主要推进剂.

In Qinghai Province,the urban system goes through three stages: foundation,development and transformation period.In this course,the Huangshui Valley where the Chinese and Tibetan associated with,agrofarming economy and pastoral economy,draw back the historical curtain of urban development at first,then expanded and entered the area of Qinghai Lake westwards progressively afterwards.From agrofarming area to the interlocking area of agriculture and animal husbandry to permeates,and then expand to the nomadic area in macroscopic,it has reflected social historical process and regulation and control function of developing process of region,so the quantity and density of urban are demonstrated the trend of decreasing step by step from the agrofarming area to the interlocking area of agriculture and animal husbandry to the nomadic area.Regards river as the way,the urban traced back along source and stretched into the plateau hinterland,or pushed from the rivervalley into the mountain area,is shown as and transformed from the advantage living space to the inferior living space.So the quantity and density of urban demonstrate the decreasing trend from river valley district to mountain area.In microcosmic,in the river valley agrofarming area,the urban often lied in the riversteps;and in the pastoral area,the urban often correlate with pasture with plenty of water and lush grass,show the ancient urban dependence on natural conditions and natural material base.In Qinghai Province,the motive forces of urban come from the central establishment of administrative organizational system and military stronghold of outside mainly,but not the social economic selfdevelopment.As individual urban,national culture,national religion and national trade,are the main propulsive force of urban.