肺微血管研究进展

Research progress of the lung microvasculature

综述了脊椎动物肺微血管构筑的研究进展及特点.两栖动物在囊状肺的内表面出现了网状隔膜与次级隔膜,以增加气体交换面积,提高气体交换率;爬行动物肺内壁上不仅有网状隔膜和次级隔膜,还出现了三级隔膜,使得动物肺壁内表面积有较大增加,显示其结构比两栖动物有较大进步,更有利于进行气体交换;鸟肺三级支气管与周围放射状紧密排列的微气管结构上排列着丰富的毛细血管网,并相互吻合成密集的立体微血管网,呼吸表面积大为增加,比两栖、爬行动物又有更大进步;哺乳动物和人肺则由发达的支气管系统及大量的肺泡囊与肺泡构成,肺泡与肺泡隔毛细血管为密集网,显示肺结构有极大的呼吸表面积,更有利于血液与进入肺内的空气进行气体交换.肺脏微血管的三维构筑特点及变化充分显示了动物与生存环境相适应的结构特点,亦体现出生物由低等向高等进化过程中结构与功能相适应的规律.

The research progress and characteristics of microvasculature building of the vertebrates lung are summarized.There are reticular and secondary septum on the inner surfaces of the sacing lung of amphibian,which could increase the surface and enhance the frequency of the air exchange.On the inner surface of reptiles lung,there are not only reticular and secondary septum but also third septum emerging,which make inner surface of the lung wall more enhancing,showing that the construction has the bigger progressing than that in amphibian,which is more benefit for air exchange.In the birds third bronchus and its surrounding projecting microwindpipe construction arrange plentiful alveolar capillaries which anastomose up the dense stereoscopic net of microvasculars.The surface of the breath is bigger increasing,it has a larger advancement than that in amphibian and reptile.The mammal and the human lung are made up of the upgrowth bronchus system and a lot of alveolar sacing and alveolus,the alveolus and alveolar septum are full of the dense capillary network.It shows that the lung has the bigger breathing surface,which is more benefit for the air exchange of the blood with the air which enteres into the lung.The stereoscopic building characteristics and varieties of the lung microvasculars show further construction characteristics that the animal adapt to the existing environment mutually,as well show the regulation that the creature construction is adjust to its function mutually in evolution from low grade to high grade.