从《聊斋志异》的性别话语质疑传统文学经典的合法性

Rethink Gender Issues in The Canonization through Liaozhai

人性的启蒙和爱欲的觉醒是当代人评判传统文学经典的一个重要指标。比如《聊斋志异》之所以被誉为精神启蒙和妇女解放的先锋,最重要的原因就在于它对男女之情的大胆描写,和对拥有更多自由与活力的女性形象的塑造。但是深究就会发现这些情爱理想,恰好是对传统人伦秩序,尤其是以男性为中心的性别秩序的强化,而不是正好相反。因为它所津津乐道的“自荐枕席”和“知已之爱”,只是男性知识分子的性幻想,而女性所拥有的只不过是满足这种幻想的自由和为其制造快感的活力。因此以“爱欲觉醒”作为一种评判经典的标准,很大程度上是对男性中心主义价值观念和行为法则的复制,应该予以反思。

The enlightenment of humanism and the wakening of Eros are always regarded as criteria to judge whether a traditional literary work qualifies as a classic. For instance, Pu Songling's collected works, Laaozhai Zhiyi, is a classic collection of tales partly because it reflects the spirit of enlightenment and Eros in that the heroines always take initiative to express love and help the lovers in his career and other aspects of life. However, although these women show their aggressiveness in their actions, the expression of their personality is still circumscribed within the patriarchy, because all the actions of them is done to satisfy man's needs and desire projected onto women. So equating love and sex with enlightenment, and further equating enlightenment with literary classics are in fact to establish man's needs and desires as the universal criteria. At the same time women's interests are neglected. Therefore, our existing criteria for deciding literary classics are not comprehensive enough to represent all people's beliefs and positions and thus should be rethought and revised.