对西方国际关系理论的哲学思考——兼议中国国际关系理论的构建

Philosophical Reflections on Western International Relation Theories——with Explorative Thoughts on China's IRT Building-up

从本体论、认识论和方法论3个层面对西方国际关系理论主要流派进行梳理和类归,认为国际关系理论与哲学思想有密切关系。西方国际关系理论重视以哲学本体论-认识论-方法论及其所隐含的价值论体系为基本前提和重要基础,在呈现流派繁荣和学科成熟的同时,也存在着诸如科学与伦理、必然与偶然对立割裂等一些哲学意义上的重大缺陷。认为中国国际关系理论的构建需在哲学层面加强基础性探索和研究。在这一过程中,应处理好“古”与“今”、中”与“外”的关系。参照西方国际关系理论谱系有重要借鉴意义,但强调中国的国际关系理论应更具鲜明的实践品质,并尝试提出了“和谐的国际社会”这一具有现实意义的理论概念和命题。

The article conducts a comparative analysis of the main contemporary Western International Relation Theories from the philosophical perspective of ontology, epistemology and methodology, through which the fact is clearly noted that IRTs and philosophical thoughts are more often than not intimately related and that Western IRTs are premised and based on philosophical ontology, epistemology, methodology and the value system reflected therein. Although Western IRTs have achieved diversity in theoretical schools and maturity in academic study, it is evident that there still exist some significant limitations in terms of philosophical basis, for instance, the antinomy of science and ethics, inevitability and contingency. China needs more basic philosophical exploration and study in its IRT building-up, in the course of which, issues pertaining to the relations between PAST and PRESENT, OURS and THEIRS shall be properly handled. In this context, the Western IRTs have its relevance as a point of reference for China's IRT building-up. More importantly, China's IRT building-up shall strive to overcome the limitations of Western IRTs so much so that it is more practice-oriented and that harmonious international society is a valuable theoretical concept and proposition.