现实的人:历史发展的动力——对马克思历史动力理论的新阐释

Actual Man:the Power of Historical Progress——A new interpretation of Marxist theory on the power for historical development

对历史动力问题的传统理解,已经越来越不能解释当前人类社会发展过程中出现的诸多问题,其根本原因在于传统理解所依据的“经典表述”并未揭示马克思历史动力理论的全部内涵。马克思从人的本质及其生存方式出发,对历史发展动力问题从不同的层次做了全面的阐释,从而形成历史演进机制、社会基本矛盾运动理论和两种生产理论。对历史动力的这三种不同的理解是统一的,只是由于三者言说的语境和探讨问题的层面不同,才表现为三种不同的形式。但无论是在哪一种阐释中,现实的人始终是马克思立论的核心。正是现实的人及其活动构成了历史发展的动力。这种理解的一个内在的逻辑结论就是,在未来社会中,现实的人自身的生产,必将成为历史发展的根本动力。

Traditional interpretation for the driving power of historical development has been hard to explain various problems in the development of human society, because its basis the classic expression fails to reveal the whole connotation of Marxist theory on the power of historical progress. Based on human’s nature and mode of existence, Marx from different levels undertook an overall explanation for the historical progress, thereby forming his mechanism of historical evolution, the movement theory of social basic contradiction and two-kind production theory. Despite of different context, contents and forms, the three theories remain a union in terms of interpreting historical progress. However, any of them still takes as its core actual man——actual man and his activities constitute the power for historical development. Followed by this thinking, we can get a conclusion: the production of actual man himself is bound to be the crucial power for historical progress in the future.