女祸观念影响下的市民叙事——论宋元话本中的烟粉灵怪故事

Civic Narration under the Influence of Incurring-trouble-Women Concept——On ghost stories of colloquial version in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

以妖鬼魅人为主要内容的烟粉灵怪故事,在宋元话本中占有相当的比例。如果将它们放到一起进行考察,会发现这些故事中的女性形象都在不同程度上被妖魔化,成为女色观念与女祸观念的载体。应当说,烟粉灵怪故事从不同的侧面讲述了同一个母题———女色对男人生活的破坏。贯穿这些故事始终的,是陈旧的女祸观和情色观,是对年轻男子的告诫:远离女色的陷阱。因此可以说,话本中的烟粉灵怪故事,实际上是流传于市井的一种寓言,是一种笼罩在女祸观念下的功利性的市井叙事。

Ghost stories with the theme of ghost’s seducing man have occupied a sizable proportion in colloquial stories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. If putting them together, we will find that the female figures in these stories are demonized in some degree and the stories become a tool of publicizing woman’s charm and incurring trouble. To certain extent, this type of fictions repeats a same theme——woman’s charm destroys the life of man, preaching for man leaving away from woman’s charm, the outmoded viewpoint of woman’s incurring trouble. Therefore, these colloquial stories, in fact, are a kind of fable that embraces utilitarianism of incurring-trouble woman in form of civic narration.