走向哲学视野的儿童研究:儿童世界的本质与教育的使命

Children Research from Philosophical Viewpoints:Essence of Children's World and Missions of Education

儿童时期是形成成人心理及人格特征的关键期。儿童世界的本质具有人的本质属性,通过人的诸关系表现出来。儿童世界的特点是教育最根本的依据:在人与自然的关系中,儿童的世界是一个新奇的世界,教育的使命在于推动儿童学习的兴趣和探索的热情;在人与人的关系中,儿童的世界是一个直接的纯粹世界,教育的使命在于培养儿童的社会意识和责任感;在人与自身的关系中,儿童世界是一个万能的世界,教育的使命在于张扬儿童的创造激情。在人与神(即终极关怀)的关系中,儿童世界是一个流动的世界,教育的使命在于引导儿童乐观向上的精神追求。

Childhood is a key period for children to form their adult psychology and human features. The essence of children's world has the fundamental attributes of human beings, and it will be displayed through inter-human relations. The characteristics of children's world are the very basics in education: Among human relations to nature, children's world is a brand new world, and the mission of education lies in arousing children's interest in studies and their enthusiasm in explorations. Among inter-human relations, children's world is a direct and pure world, and the mission of education lies in the cultivation of children's societal awareness and sense of responsibilities. Among human relations to their ego, children's world is an omnipotent world, and the mission of education lies in giving a full play to children's creative enthusiasms. Among human relations to God (namely the ultimate care), children's world is a flowing world, and the mission of education lies in guiding children in their optimistic and positive spiritual pursuit.