河北省太行山片麻岩山地景观生态经济资源特征与利用研究

Study on landscape eco-economic resource characters and utilization in gneiss mountainous region in Hebei Taihang mountains

通过多年的多点调查,研究了河北省太行山片麻岩山区景观生态经济资源特征,结果表明:该区域国土资源特征是地形地貌复杂、景观类型多样,山场面积大、人均耕地少,土层薄、土壤侵蚀严重,植被覆盖度低、植物多样性丰富,岩石种类单调、矿产资源贫乏,岩石易风化,半风化层较厚;气候资源特征是温热资源充足、降水量少而集中、旱涝灾害频繁、光照资源充足、光合生产条件好、适于多种经济植物生长;水资源特征是多年平均地表径流量约21.7亿m3,其中70%分配在6-9月份,大部分地域地下水属裂隙水,人均地下水资源量为120m3,属于极度缺水地区;生物资源特征是具有丰富的动植物资源,既有大量分布的普通物种,也有特殊的珍惜物种;社会经济资源特征是第一产业比重过大,60%以上是种植业,种植业内80%以上是大田农作物,生活相对贫困,年人均纯收入860元,拥有大量的剩余劳动力,约有60%左右的劳动力资源处于闲置状态。片麻岩山地景观生态经济资源开发利用的主要途径为坚持生态第一,形成生态经济林景观,使土壤侵蚀模数控制在200t/(hm2.年)以下;注重基础技术的集成组装,实现山场坡面的标准化开发;充分利用气候、生物、土壤等资源优势,形成特色产业;开展农产品深加工,增强农村经济发展的后劲。

The landscape eco-economic resource characters have been studied with investigation methods in many spots for several years. The land resource chcarcters, the landform and physiognomy are complicated, the types of landscape are various, the area of sloping land is wide, the field per person is little, the soil layer is thin and soil erosion is serious, the plant cover rate is low and the plant deversity is rich, the rock types is little and mine resource is necessitous, the rock weathers easily and the weathered layer is thicker. The climatic resource characters show that the caloric and temperature resource is rich and the amount of precipetation is little and more in summer, drought and flood disaster are frequent, the sunlight resource is enough and the condition of photosynthesis is better and many economic plants can be planted. The water resource character shows that the amount of annal mean surface runoff is 2 170 million m^3, and 70% is in 6-9 month, much ground water in this area is crack water, the amount of ground water resouece per person is 120 m^3, belonging to be short of water area. There are rich plant and animal resources that include common species and special species. The social economic resource character is, firstly industry proportion too big, the proportion of planting industry is more than 60%, and the proportion of crop plant industry is more than 80%. The people in the area is poor, the annual net income per person is 860 yuan. There are many surplus labour force with about 60% used. The way of empoldering landscape ecnomic resources in gneiss mountianous area depends on ecology, the eco-economic forestry landscape is made, the erosive modulus is controlled less than 200 t/(hm^2a). The integation and assembling of basic techniques is given attention to. Standardizational empoldering of slope land is realized. The climatic, biological and soil rexource, must be made good use of to form special industry and advance the developing of the rural economics.