从跨语言角度看现代汉语“形容词+了/着+宾语”的性质

Modern Chinese Form of "adjective +了/着+ object" from the Point of View of laterlanguage

本文据前人对“形容词+了/着”格式的构词分析,指出它们在前加形容词的时候,因为不造成新的词位,那么就是原词的变体,词性也就不发生改变;并结合跨语言对比研究,指出汉语中的“形容词+了/着+宾语”语法格式与有形态变化的语言的形容词不变格形式带宾语是具有相同的句法功能,只是因为语言类型的差异而分别采取了不同的语法手段,进而我们指出“了/着”另外的一种功能:是潜在的句法功能的标记,是形容词后加宾语的必要条件。

This article puts forward the idea that since '了/着' is a formant,it cannot form new lexeme, so it is the variant of the original word, and its part of speech will not henceforwardly change. After comparing Chinese and other languages, this article points out that the grammatical form of 'adjective +了/着+ object' in Chinese has the same syntax function as the adjective non - case change followed by objects in morphological change language . They adopt different grammatical method due to the difference between different language types. Thus we put forward another function of '了/着', that is: it is the marker of potential sentence function and necessary requirement of adjectives followed by objects.