民法的理念与中国民法典制定的社会基础

The Ideas of Civil Law and Social Basis of Chinese Civil Code's Formulation

民法的理念是民法典的灵魂,一部好的民法典,必须深蕴着完美的民法理念,而完美的民法理念及运行又建立在适合民法存在的社会基础之上。但在中国历史上形成了“礼治社会”、“乡土社会”的特点,以及建国后形成的社会主体一元化、权利结构国家化、社会关系身份化的社会结构特征,目前仍然在很大程度上影响着我们的制度建设。因此,在制定我国民法典的过程中,必须对我国目前的社会基础与观念进行再造与更新,应逐步构建中国的市民社会,中国民法典的制定至少要同这种社会基础再造与观念更新同步进行。

The ideas of civil law is the soul of civil law. A sound civil code requires perfect ideas of civil law, and the perfect ideas of civil law and its application requires the social basis applicable to the civil law. However, both the characteristic of 'rule of li' and 'rural society'in China's history and the feature of social institution—the soleness of subject,the nationalization of right composition and the identification of social relation, which formulated after the foundation of the P.R.C.,——impede the system construction on a large scale currently. As a result, during the course of the civil code's formulation, we must reform and renovate the ideas and the social basis of civil law, set up the civil society of China accordingly.