论《儒林外史》的逻辑结构形式

On the Logical Structure of Informal History of Intellectuals

在我国古典小说长篇小说中,《儒林外史》的结构形式可谓独树一帜,论者各抒己见,众说纷纭。文章从整体视角出发,对其结构进行仔细疏理,指出《儒林外史》采用了较为典型、规范的逻辑论证——先假说后论证逻辑结构形式:楔子敷陈“假说”,定立基调;主体“论证”假说,脉络清楚;尾声“扩充”假说,前后呼应。并指出分析《儒林外史》结构应重视元素之间的联系,从整体上把握其结构特征。

Among the classical novels of our country, the structure of the novel Informal History of Intellectuals is unique. As for this, people put forward their own views. From the whole angle, this paper researches the structure of the novel carefully and points out that it adopts a more typical and regular logical argumentation——the logical structure of assuming first and then expounding: The introduction presents the hypothesis, which shows the central theme; the main body expounds the hypothesis, and the organization is clear; the conclusion expands the hypothesis so that the beginning and the end match perfectly. Besides, the paper points out that while analyzing its structure, people should attach importance to the connection among the elements and grasp its structure characteristics firmly on the whole.