崇明北滩鱼类群落生物多样性初探

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON BIODIVERSITY OF FISH COMMUNITY ON NORTH BEACH OF CHONGMING ISLAND

对1994～2003年崇明北滩鱼类群落进行了研究,用多种指数对该群落生物多样性进行了描述.该群落共有鱼类33种,分别隶属于10目19科29属.生态类型为江海洄游鱼类、河口鱼类和海水鱼类,小型鱼类占绝对优势.群落优势种为凤鲚、棘头梅童鱼和小黄鱼.多样性特征值年间平均指标为:Margalef指数0.84,Wilhm改进指数1.51,Pielou指数0.63,McNaughton指数0.67.崇明北滩鱼类群落经济鱼类趋于小型化,生物多样性呈下降趋势.水环境污染及工程建设的不利影响应得到重视,无选择性网具的使用应受到严格控制.

Studies on fish community on north beach of Chongming island were carried out during 1994~ 2003 and several indexes were used to describe the biodiversity of the community. Fishes of 10 orders,19 families, 29 genera and 33 species were collected from this area. The ecological types of the fish were con- sisted of migrated fishes between the Chagnjiang River and the sea, fishes in estuary and fishes in the sea, and small-sized fishes were more than others. Dominant species wereCoilia mystus, Collichthys lucidus andPseudosciaena polyactis. Average characters of diversity during the past ten years were analysed that Margalef′s index was 0.84,Wilhm′s index was 1.51, Pielou′s index was 0.63 and McNaughton′s index was 0.67. The miniaturization of economical fishes became evidently. Unfavorable influence of water pol- lution and irrigation engineering works should be paid more attention and the use of choiceless nets should be controlled strictly.