湖北省湿地冬季水鸟多样性研究

BIODIVERSITY OF WINTER WATERBIRDS IN HUBEI,CHINA

报道了2004年1～4月湖北冬季水鸟调查结果,记录水鸟 66 种,种群数量 59 613 只,分属8目15科,其中列入国家重点保护的一级鸟类 4 种,115 只,国家二级 7 种,2 968 只.分析了冬季水鸟群落结构、分布和种群变动,并用生物多样性指数、物种丰富度与生物量3个不同的测度指标对其中12个湖泊的水鸟群落进行了评价,认为沉湖、梁子湖、龙感湖和网湖是较为成熟稳定的群落;并从沉湖东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、龙感湖白头鹤(Grus monacha)、洪湖鸭科水鸟近40年的种群动态探讨了湿地水鸟现状,认为种群衰退趋势明显、湿地干扰和威胁严重.对此提出了加强湿地保护区的建设,理顺管理体制,合理规划与发展湿地产业和保护湿地资源对策.

During the investigation on winter water birds in Hubei from January to April 2004, 66 birds species and 59 613 waterbird individuals of 15 families 8 orders were recorded. In which 4 species (115 in- dividuals) were in the first-class of National Protected bird and 7 species (2 968 individuals) were second- class of National Protected bird. Based on the results, the authors analyzed waterbirds community struc- ture, distribution, population fluctuations. Compared and evaluated bird communities at twelve lakes by three index (Species Richness, Biomass, Diversity Index), the authors believe that communities in Chen- hu, Liangzihu, Longganhu, Wanghu lakes are relatively steady. Furthermore, the population dynamics of Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana )at Lake Chenhu and Hooded crane( Grus monacha )at Lake Longganhu, as well as the alteration of Anseriformes waterbirds at Lake Honghu during the past two dec- ades reflect a serious decline trend of waterbirds population in Hubei wetlands. At the same time, it indi- cates that shrinkage, filling up and human disturbance are the major problems to wetlands. Conservation countermeasure was accordingly suggested.