中国服务业的区位分布与地区专业化

The Location and Regional Specialization of Service Industry in China

本文基于LQ指数、RCA指数和K-spec指数,分析了中国服务业及其分部门的区位分布与地区专业化。总体上看,整体服务业及其分部门的地区间差异要小于地区内差异即省际差异。各服务部门的区位分布与地区专业化表现不尽相同,其原因不仅在于服务本身的“非贸易性”,还在于各服务部门的地区专业化与分工倾向的差异性。因此,不能像对待制造业那样,过分强调服务业的地区分工与专业化,而应该根据各服务部门的特性及其在国民经济和社会发展中所扮演的角色,促进服务业的部门与地区协调发展。

By estimating the location quotient, the index of revealed comparative advantage and Krugman specialization index, the paper explores the location and regional specialization of various service sectors in China. On the whole, the inter-regional differences are smaller than intra-regional (i.e. inter-provincial) differences in almost all service sectors, though inter-provincial differences are also small. There are large differences in the location and regional specialization for various service sectors, which is not only because of the intrinsic non-tradability of services, but because of the differential tendency in regional specialization of services. Therefore, we cannot over-emphasize regional specialization of services as what we do to the manufacturing industries. We should, according to the features of services as well as their different roles in the national economic and social development, promote a balanced development of service sectors in different regions.