法洛四联症根治术后急性肺损伤的治疗

Treatment of acute lung injury after the surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

目的分析法洛四联症(TOF)根治术后急性肺损伤(ALI)的原因,总结治疗体会。方法2003年7月至2004年6月,上海第二医科大学附属新华医院上海儿童医学中心心胸外科共行TOF根治术161例,发生ALI5例。记录5例ALI患儿术前经皮氧饱和度(SpO2)、红细胞压积比(HCT)、McGoon比值、肺动脉指数(PAI)和手术、体外循环(CPB)资料,以及ALI发生时间、ALI发生后各项治疗措施、各治疗阶段肺功能指标、计算其肺损伤分数。结果5例ALI患儿,年龄7～24(13.8±3.1)个月,体重7.0～9.5(8.2±0.5)kg,均在静吸复合麻醉CPB下进行,术毕给予改良超滤,平均CPB时间(67.2±5.9)min,主动脉阻断时间(43.6±2.4)min,ALI发生率为3.1%,发生时间为术后8～60h,死亡2例。5例均施行腹膜透析术(PD),2例给予一氧化氮吸入,1例给予肺表面活性物质替代治疗。各治疗阶段肺功能指标逐步改善,至治疗后期,肺功能指标在统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论TOF术后ALI治疗困难,合理机械通气、尽早维持体液平衡、改善肺通气和氧合功能有利于及时阻断低氧酸中毒导致的恶性循环。

Objective To analyse the reasons of acute lung injury (ALI) after the surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and summarize the postoperative treatment skill.Methods There were 161 cases of patients with TOF who underwent corrective repair operation in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Xinhua Hospital/ Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from Jul.2003 to Jun.2004,in which there were 5 patients who developed ALI after the surgical correction of TOF.The mean age was 13.8±3.06 months (7~24 months) and the mean body weight was (8.20±0.46)kg (7~9.5 kg).Before operation,their mean SpO_2 was (72.8±2.2)% (67%~80%),mean HCT was (49.0±5.5)%,mean McGoon ratio was (1.27±0.05) and mean PAI was (136.0±16.8)mm2/m2.The total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and aortic clamp time were (67.2±3.9) min and (43.6±2.4) min,respectively.The modified ultrafiltration was used throughout the CPB.The treatment and the blood analysis were recorded when the ALI developed.The parameters of pulmonary function and lung injury score were calculated.Results ALI developed (30.0±9.7) hrs after the operation and the incidence of ALI after the surgical correction of TOF was 3.1%.Two cases died within 48 hrs.Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was performed on all the cases.Meanwhile,2 cases were given inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and 1 case was given pulmonary surfactant (PS).The parameters of pulmonary function were improved step by step and the differences were statistically significant at the latest stage of treatment ( P <0.05).Conclusion The treatment of ALI after surgical correction of TOF includes reasonable mechanical ventilation and maintaining the balance of fluid.Inhaling NO and using PS will be benefitial to improve the pulmonary function and to stop the vicious circle which results in the hypoxemia and refractory acidosis.