晋北旱地玉米微集水种植技术的土壤水分动态研究

Research On Farmland's Moisture Dynamic Changes of Micro-water Harvesting Planting Technique in the Northwestern of Shanxi Province

在晋北旱地农业区,水是影响作物生长发育的主要限制因子,如何充分合理地开发利用有限的降水资源成为本区农业生产发展的关键所在。为此,2004年在左云县进行了起垄覆膜微集水栽培玉米试验研究。该技术采用沟垄相间、垄上覆膜、沟内种植,垄面产流、沟内集水的微集水种植方式,以期改善土壤供水能力,增加局部水分供给,提高作物产量和水分利用率。试验结果表明,微集水种植的水分利用率较平铺膜和无膜常规种植法分别提高69.77%、104.8%。在不同微集水处理中,顺风斜坡单向垄的效果最好,达到了18.76kg/hm2·mm。该项研究为进一步研究提高降水资源利用率的途径提供了一定的科学依据。

Water is one of the main restricted factors of the crop growing in the dryland in northern Shanxi province. The key problem is how to improve the limited water resource utilizing ratio. So we made some experiments about ridge film mulching micro-rainwater catchments planting technique of maize in Zuoyun County. The planting technique of micro-water harvesting adopts the method that plants maize in the furrows and covers film on the ridges meanwhile. The experiments showed that the method can improve the capability of soil water supplying in planting area and increase the WUE, and the results demonstrated that the method raised respectively 69.77% and 104.8% of the water resource utilizing ratio, compared of that of the other methods such as common mulching and non-mulching. Among different treatments, the following wind single-slope ridge mulching is the best, reaching to 18.76 kg/hm2·mm. The research provided the scientific basis further for the purpose of increasing rainwater use efficiency.