近代湖湘士风与青年毛泽东思想的演进

Modern Hubei & Hunan esquire ethos and the cvolvement of thoughts of young Mao Zedong

青年毛泽东从17岁到27岁(1910-1920)的思想是起伏多变的,经其10年间的探索和历练,他的思想终于完成了质的跃迁。这种变化发展与近代湖湘士风的影响濡染密切相关。在儒学背景下形成的近代湖湘士风相继融合了洋务运动、留学风潮和苏俄红色革命所形成的多元开放的思想元素:传统士人积极入世治国平天下的情怀里融进了“变法”制度的渴望;坐而论道的传统士风吸纳了异域近代西方文明成果而注重“知行合一”……这一切,成就了近代湖湘历史上士人社会群体行动的独特景观。青年毛泽东身在其中,思想不断发展演进:他从探究宇宙“大本大源”期望“圣贤救世”的客观唯心之说走向了“唯我”的“精神之个人主义”,进而走向“知行舍一”的“现实主义”和“实践至善”;严酷的现实斗争和异域苏俄革命的成功又使青年毛泽东抛弃了温和的改良主义思想,找到了“救世”的良方在于“暴力革命”,找到了“救世”的力量在于“民众联合”。

From 17 to 27(1910-1920), thoughts of young Mao Zedong experienced flexuous changes, and had made an essential overflight within the decade, which had great affinity with modern Hubei & Hunan esquire ethos. Modern Hubei & Hunan esquire ethos formed under the background of the Confucianism doctrine. It gradually permeated the open and verified ideology formed by studying-abroad atmosphere, Self - strengthen Movement and the Soviet Revolution. The positive complex to sever our country and the public of traditional esquire had permeated the thirsty for political reform. The traditional esquire ethos had absorbed modern western civilization and tied in it with our eastern civilization, thus they paid great attention to the syncretism of knowledge and behaviors……all these had structured the unique phenomenon of social esquire collectiveness in modern Hubei & Hunan history. Young Mao Zedong lived in the atmosphere. His thoughts continuously evolved which finally pushed him from the impersonal idealism of probing into the source of universe and the hope that 'Oracles will save the world' to the solipsism of spiritual individualism, and further to the syncretism of knowledge and behaviors, to 'realism' and to 'Practice is the most important. ' Rigorous true-life fights and success of the Soviet Revolution lead young Mao Zedong to cast away gentle reformism, and to find out the truth that the effective prescription to save the world that lied in 'forcible revolution' and the power to save the world lied in 'the union of demos'.