广东省茂名市高氟区改水降氟效果调查分析

Analysis of water improvement of defluoridation in high fluoride areas in Maoming City

目的评价广东省茂名市改水降氟工作的效果,为进一步改水降氟工作提供依据。方法病区情况调查采用横断面调查方法,水氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,儿童氟斑牙的诊断采用氟斑牙临床诊断标准进行。结果监测3种不同类型水源的水氟,自来水的水氟均低于饮用水水氟标准(1.0mg/L),手压井水和大口井水都有部分超标,超标率分别为25.80%和45.98%。在茂名市地方性氟中毒(地氟病)病区中,饮用自来水、手压井水和大口井水的人口比例分别为24.16%、58.73%和17.11%。改水后茂南、高州、化州、信宜、电白8～15岁儿童氟斑牙患病率均下降,分别由改水前的33.09%、53.94%、86.32%、97.01%和92.39%下降到28.16%、35.50%、55.70%、27.85%和23.28%。在茂名市23个地氟病病区中,有11个自然村的氟斑牙患病率已降至30%以下,达到非氟中毒病区的标准。结论茂名市改水工作取得成效,但仍存在问题。

Objective To evaluate the current condition of the drinking-water improvement anddeflouridation in fluorosis areas of Maoming City and provide scientific basis for future reference. MethodsTransverse section method was adopted in the endemic area. Fluoride content in water was determined by fluorideselective ion electron. And diagnosis of dental fluorosis in children was made according to clinical diagnosiscriterion. Results Through monitoring three different types of water resource, we found that fluoride content inrunning water was within the limit of standard 1.0 mg/L, but 25.80% and 45.98% of water respectively from hand-pumping well and broad-mouth well exceeded the limit. 24.16%, 58.73% and 17.11% of the citizens used tap water,hand-pumping well water and broad-mouth well water respectively. After water had been improved, dental fluorosisprevalence in 8 ～15 years old children reduced respectively from 33.09% to 28.16%, 53.94% to 35.50%, 86.32%to 55.70%, 97.01% to 27.85% and 92.39% to 23.28% in Maonan, Gaozhou, Huazhou, Xinyi and Dianbai Counties,it even dropped to normal level in 11 villages among twenty-three endemic fluorosis areas in Maoming City.Conclusions Although the water-improving project has achieved success in Maoming City, there are still someproblems. In a word, popularizing tap water is the most effective way to control the endemic fluorosis in the city.