重庆市社区人群高血压病的流行病学调查

Cross-section study on prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in two community population of Chongqing

目的了解城市居民原发性高血压(hypertension,HP)的流行情况及其危险因素,为该病的干预措施提供科学的依据.方法采用横断面调查研究方法,于2002年1～5月对重庆市某高校和某厂矿职工共计3 717人进行流行病学调查.结果该人群平均年龄(56.66±13.49)岁,高血压现患率为43.29%,其中男性为45.54%,女性为39.88%,随着年龄的增长,HP的患病率逐渐增加;高胆固醇血症现患率为25.86%;超重率为34.35%,超重的人(体质量指数BMI≥25 kg/m2)其平均收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)值均较未超重者高,而高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)值较后者低.文化程度高者(受教育年数≥10年)HP现患率较中低文化程度者低,前者血压、血脂、血糖(glucose,Glu)水平均较后者低.多元非条件Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示:性别、年龄、BMI、高血脂史、高血压家族史、TC值与HP的患病有关.结论抽样人群中老年人HP的患病率处于较高水平,他们是HP防治的主要对象.年龄、BMI＞25 kg/m2、HP家族史、高血脂等可能是当地HP患病的主要危险因素.加强健康教育,倡导健康的生活方式,提倡合理的膳食结构,是控制和预防HP的重要措施.

Objective To understand the risk factors and prevalence of hypertension (HP) in urban population and to provide the scientific basis for the etiology and intervention of HP. Methods A total of 3 717 individuals from Chongqing University and some factories were investigated by the cross-sectional study from Jan to May in 2002. Results Of the investigated population, mean age was (56.66±13.49) years, prevalence of hypertension was 43.70% for total, 45.54% for men and 39.88% for women. The prevalence rate of HP increased with the rising of age. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (TC>6.5 mmol/L) was 25.86%, and overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) was 34.35%. SBP and DBP were significantly associated positively with BMI (partial correlation coefficient: 0.23 and 0.28, both P<0.01). The SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL of overweighted subjects were significantly higher than that of the subjects of BMI<25, but HDL was lower. Subjects with higher education level more than 10 years had lower prevalence rate of HP with the lower blood pressure, lower TG and lower Glu. Logistic regression analysis indicted that sex, age, BMI, history of hyperlipemia, familial hypertension and serum cholesterol were associated with HP. Conclusion The prevalence rate of HP of middle-aged and old people was in high level in sampling crowd. So those people were the main subjects of prevention and control program. Age, BMI>25 kg/m2, familial hypertension and hyperlipemia were the major risk factors for HP among Chongqing local people. Health life intervention and reasonable dietary structure may provide an effective program for prevention and control of HP.