埃及的小土地所有制及其对农业发展的影响

THE SMALL PLOTS OWNERSHIP IN EGYPT AND ITS INFLUENCES UPON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

近20年来,阿拉伯各国农业发展缓慢。随着人口增长和消费结构的变化,供求矛盾日趋紧张。尽管各国为发展农业采取了一些措施,但收效不大。其重要原因之一就是各国采取的农业发展政策均未能触动土改后形成的小土地所有制。土改后形成的小土地所有制曾对解放生产力。

Small plots ownership had played an active role in the economic develop-ment in Egyptian societies. But, as decades passing away it is no longer mee-ting the need of agricultural growth gradual1y. Some inherent defects can beseen in the system, namely, impeding consolidation and completion of irrig-ational facilities; hindering the processes of agricultural mechanization andmodernization and the rise of productivity; limiting the reasonable move ofTural population. To break up its existence, therefore, is a natural trend forheightening productive force as well as an objective demand for further deve-loping national economy. At present, Egyptian economy already has fund-amental conditions to rid of this ownership and expand the scale of agriculturalactivities rationally, as the country has realized massive transference of agri-cultural population to nonagticultural fields; its industrialization has advancedmarkedly; its commodity economy and various service industries relating toagriculture have progressed with relative rapidness; and a professional conting-ent in agricultural research and management has come into being. Certainly,in the time of adjusting its economic structure, Egyptian government has toprovide better environment and policies to ensure its agriculture going forwaresmoothly.