波浪床预防压力性溃疡的临床研究

The clinical effects of alternating pressure relief bed mattress in prevention of pressure ulcer

目的观察波浪床对高危患者压力性溃疡(PU)发生的预防作用,探索波浪床的最佳临床使用方法。方法328例符合入选标准的住院患者随机分成对照组和实验第1,2,3组。在常规治疗基础上,对照组采用卧医院标准床及标准海绵床垫(厚9cm)上,加以每2小时的翻身;实验第1,2,3组采用卧波浪床并分别加用每2,4,6小时翻身的方案。每2小时对患者的PU发生情况进行评估并作好记录。结果入院第1周后第1,2组Ⅰ度以上PU的发生率减少,与对照组比较,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。第2周后第1,2组Ⅰ、Ⅱ度以上PU的发生率亦减少,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论波浪床+4h翻身的方案可以有效预防PU的发生,并且可节约护理翻身时间、减少对患者休息和睡眠的干扰;用Ⅱ度以上PU的发生率来评价PU预防效果可能比用Ⅰ度以上PU的发生率更准确。

Objective To observe the clinical effects of alternating pressure relief bed mattress in the prevention of pressure ulcer(PU), and to explore the best method for application of the bed. Methods Three hundred and 28 inpatients were divided into four groups randomly: 3 experiment groups and a control group. On the basis of routine treatment of each inpatient, the patients in the 3 experiment groups were kept in alternating pressure relief bed mattress and were turned every 2,4 or 6 hour (experiment groups 1,2 and 3), respectively. The patients in the control group were turned every 2 hour and kept in the standard hospital beds with standard sponge mattress of 9mm thick. All the patients were observed every 2 hours and the incidence of PU was recorded. Results The incidence of PU at the end of the first week in experiment groups 1 and 2 decreased markedly and were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Both the incidence of PU at the end of the second week in both experiment groups 1 and 2 decreased markedly and were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Combination of keeping the high risk patients in alternating pressure relief bed mattress and turning them once every 4 hour can not only effectively prevent PU, but also save the time spend on turning, reduce the disturbance to the patient′s rest and sleep.