论孔孟的人格范式

On the Confucian Ideal Personality

孔孟在对伯夷、柳下惠、伊尹等圣贤、权威的人格价值评判中,形成了四种人格范式:“圣之清者”———不降不辱、独善其身;圣之和者———降志辱身,身处污泥而不染;“圣之任者”———忍辱负重、兼善天下;“圣之时者”———金声而玉振。“君子”、“大丈夫”、“大人”、“士”等,是孟子对人格典范的再创造和权力、权威的人格化。孔子以人格为本位,是一种“无可无不可”、“愚不可及”的生存智慧和道德之术,孟子以天下、道义为本位,是人格权威和人格统治在儒家精神世界的建立。

From their judgements on the personality value of BoYi, Liu Xiahui and YiYin, Confucius and Mencius developed four types of personality: First, incorruptionists of Saint who didn’t surrender or humiliate, but maintained their own integrity; Second, peacemakers of Saint who debased their ambitions and humiliated themselves, being in the mud but not contaminated; Third, patriots of Saint who swallowed insults, bore heavy burdens and treated the world well concurrently ; In the end , tacticians of Saint who gathered together all that was good. The classic personality such as Gentlemen, True men and literaties were the Mencian re-creation of the classic personality and also the personification of power and authority.Confucius took personality as the standard, which was a feasible and stupid wisdom of existence, a moral artifice; and Mencius took nation morality and justice as the standard, and his moral personality was the establishment of authority and domination of personality in the spiritual world of Confucianism.