农作物倒伏及其评价方法

The Performance of Lodging and Developing a Standard Test for Lodging Resistance in Crops

倒伏是由外界因素引发的植株茎秆从自然直立状态到永久错位的现象。倒伏是作物生产中普遍存在的问题,已成为高产稳产的重要限制因素之一。倒伏的严重性和对产量品质所造成的损失与作物生长环境和倒伏的发生时期有关。一般来说,适宜的生长环境、促进作物生长和产量提高的措施会引发倒伏或使倒伏程度加重。鉴于倒伏性对产量、品质的严重影响,国内外学者对作物的抗倒伏性进行了广泛深入的研究。笔者综述了对倒伏类型的划分,归纳为茎倒(折)、根倒和根茎复合倒伏三种类型,并对评价抗倒性的方法和指标的进展情况进行了讨论。

Lodging occurs when plants do not stand upright, leading to yield loss when the combine fails to harvest the grain from the lodged plants. Lodging in crops is a complex problem because it is influenced by a large number of environmental factors and there are several different types of lodging. Plant height, straw strength and level of fertility influence lodging. Typically, shorter varieties are more resistant to lodging, but strength of the straw allows many taller varieties to stand well. Lodging tends to be more severe at high nitrogen levels. It was necessary to collect quantitative information on the plant morphology and genetic studied. The aim of this work was to introduce the progress on how to identify specific and easily measurable plant traits that contribute to lodging resistance and that may permit the evaluation of individual plants grown under conditions not necessarily conducive to lodging.