果园水肥管理研究综述

Summarization of Water and Fertilization Managements in Orchards

人们开始经营果树产业时,就已经意识到水肥的重要性。果园水肥管理的历史也从此而开始。从18世纪的喷灌、滴灌、渗灌以及膜下灌等灌溉技术手段到20世纪80年代的平衡施肥技术。今天,人们对施肥技术的深入研究表明,生态平衡施肥是最合理、有效的一种施肥技术。它不仅提高了果园产量,而且还有利的保证了果品品质。生态平衡施肥的理论基础、技术体系和实现手段可以有效地消除平衡施肥技术推广普及的主要限制因素,成为农业和环境可持续发展的重要关键技术之一。果园水肥管理理论可以概括为:果园灌溉技术、果园覆盖技术以及生草技术。果园施肥理论可以概括为:叶面喷施天然油菜素内酯(NBR)、DRIS法诊断施肥以及生态平衡施肥。详细介绍了果园水肥管理的研究历史和研究进展。以期为果园合理管理水肥提供科学依据。

As song as manage orchards, peoples have been vision of importance about water and fertilization in orchards. The history is also beginning to management on water and fertilization, from the drop irrigate, spray irrigate in the 18th century to technology of balance fertilization in the 20th century. Nowadays, deeper research indicated that ecological balance fertilizations were the most reasonable and effective, because not only they enhance the output but also quality in apple. The base of theory, technology and methods about ecological balance fertilizations can eliminate obstacle in spread about fertilize technology and become one of the key technologies. The theory of orchard water and fertilization include: the technology of irrigate, bestow and intercrop with grass-apple tree. The technology of fertilization includes: spray NBR on leaf surface, DRIS diagnose fertilization and ecological balance fertilization. Research history of water and fertilization managements in orchards was reviews. Applications of water managements, fertilization managements and water-fertilization managements in orchards were discussed firstly. Then the trend of water and fertilization managements in orchards was forecasted.