水土流失与水质污染一体化定量监测的初步研究——以江苏省方便流域为例

INTEGRATED QUANTITATIVE MONITORING OF SOIL LOSS AND WATER POLLUTION—A CASE STUDY OF FANGBIAN VALLEY IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

通过对方便流域的水土流失、水质面源污染的研究,介绍了一体化定量监测的研究新思路。采用“3S”技术获得满足数学监测模型因子的数据。首先定量监测准水土流失量,然后利用不同土地利用条件下的全年土壤养分平均含量和水土流失定量监测结果的处理,以获得准确的水质面源污染地分布图和流入水库的污染量。水土流失量的监测精度,采用与上下游水文站的测沙数据评价法来确认;而入库养分污染量则采用其采水样分析结果与测径流流量的计算值来确认。2002年,实验区水土流失量的监测精度为93·62%,水质的全磷面源污染量的监测精度为77·79%,初步显示出一体化定量监测具有准确、快速又经济的特点。

Through the study on soil erosion and agricultural non-point source pollution to the water body of the Fangbian valley in Nanjing, a new research approach, integrated quantitative monitoring, was introduced. It adopts the “3S” technique to gain necessary data to satisfy factors of the mathematical model of soil erosion monitoring. First, obtain accurate amount of soil loss through quantitative monitoring of soil erosion, and then work out an accurate non-point pollution sources distribution map and figure out pollution load to the reservoir based on the results obtained in the previous step and the annual mean soil nutrient contents under different land uses. Precision of the monitoring is verified through evaluation of the measured bedloads at the upstream and downstream hydraulic monitoring stations, while pollution load into the reservoir is determined through test and analysis of water samples and measured volume of runoffs. In 2002, the precision of monitoring of soil erosion was 93. 62% in the studied area, and of the pollution load of total phosphorus into the water body from non-point sources was 77. 79%. The results initially show that the method of integrated quantitative monitoring is characterized by precision, quickness and economization.