土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用

VOLUME FRACTAL DIMENSION OF SOIL PARTICLES AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO LAND USE

土壤具有自相似特征或尺度不变特征。许多研究表明,土壤质量(重量)分形维数是土壤内在属性之一。但是,在计算土壤质量分形维数的推导过程中需要做一些假设,而有些假设,如不同粒级的土壤颗粒具有相同的密度等假设,已受到一些学者的批评。此外,用传统的比重法测量土壤颗粒分布不仅工作量大,且操作结果更易受人为因素的影响。鉴此,本文提出了土壤体积分形维数的概念。通过对宜兴不同土地利用方式下178个土壤样品的体积分形维数的测定发现:土壤体积分形维数和土壤质量分形维数一样,都是土壤的固有属性;土壤颗粒体积分形维数与土壤颗粒体积百分含量具有显著的对数相关关系;对茶园、菜地和农田土壤剖面上土壤颗粒体积分形维数的变化分析表明,在茶园和菜地土壤剖面上,随着土壤剖面深度的增加,土壤粘粒体积百分含量增加,土壤颗粒体积分形维数也随之增加;在农田土壤剖面上,随着深度的增加,土壤粘粒体积百分含量和土壤体积分形维数也表现出基本保持一致的变化规律。此外,农业管理措施对土壤颗粒的组成会产生影响,使土壤粘粒体积百分含量发生变化,从而使土壤颗粒体积分形维数也随之变化,如菜地土壤体积分形维数随着种植年限的增加而出现下降趋势。

Mass fractal dimension of soil particles is one of the inherent properties of soil. However,some assumptions,such as uniform density,have been questioned in calculating soil mass fractal dimension. Additionally,traditional methods to obtain particle-size distribution (PSD) are laborious. For this reason,the concept of the volume fractal dimension of soil particles is developed and a formula to calculate soil volume fractal dimension is introduced in this paper. Based on the conception of volume fractal dimension and the analysis of 178 soil samples from different land uses,some conclusions could be drawn as follows: the volume fractal dimension of soil particles was significant correlated with the volume percentage of soil clay contents; in soil profile of vegetable and tea land,both the volume fractal dimension and the volume percentage increased with the soil depth; and in soil profile of cropland,both showed the same tendency of increasing with the soil depth,but not monotonously. Soil management had some influence on volume percentage of soil clay and volume fractal dimension. For example,both of them decreased with the rising years of cultivation