中国甘蓝型油菜硫苷含量及组份分析

Analysis of Glucosinolate Components and Profiles in Brassica napus

采用高效液相色谱法测定了中国499份甘蓝型油菜籽硫苷组份与含量,用统计学方法分析了不同硫苷含量水平下各硫苷组份标准差、变异系数及硫苷分量对总量的影响。结果表明,高硫苷、中硫苷甘蓝型油菜籽中主要组份是脂肪族2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷和3-丁烯基硫苷,其含量在2种类型中分别为60.33、31.42和30.38μmol·g-1、20.18μmol·g-1,比例为81.16%和73.92%;低硫苷甘蓝型油菜籽中主要组份是吲哚族4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷和芳香族苯乙基硫苷,含量为7.36μmol·g-1和4.38μmol·g-1,占硫苷总量的51.52%。2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷和3-丁烯基硫苷在高硫苷油菜中含量最高,变异系数最小,分别为12.4和16.6,是高硫苷甘蓝型油菜的主要组份;二者在中硫苷油菜中表现同于高硫苷甘蓝型油菜;4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷在低硫苷甘蓝型油菜籽变异系数最小,在高、中、低不同硫苷含量油菜中平均含量变化范围为6.04～7.98μmol·g-1,在高硫苷油菜中仅占5.34%,低硫苷菜籽中为32.31%,是低硫苷油菜硫苷的主要组份。芳香族苯乙基硫苷在低硫苷油菜籽中含量明显高于在高硫苷油菜籽中含量。

The contents of glucosinolates components of 499 rapeseed accessions collected widely in China were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that progoitrin and gluconapin were the main components in high and middle glucosinolate rapeseed, with the percentage of 81.16% and 73.92%. 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and gluconasturtin were the main components in low glucosinolate rapeseed, with the contents of 7.36 μmol·g-1 and 4.38 μmol·g-1, and the percentage reached as high as 51.52%. Coefficient Variability and the effect of individual glucosinolate on total glucosinolate content were analyzed. Progoitrin and gluconapin were the dominant and stable components in double high rapeseed, while their content and percentage were highly reduced in double low rapeseed. 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin concentration was from 7.98 μmol·g-1 to 6.04 μmol·g-1, and it was the dominant component in low glucosinolate rapeseed. Gluconasturtin in low glucosinolate rapeseed was much higher than that in double high rapeseed. The possible ways for further reduction of total glucosinolates in rapeseed breeding was discussed.