中国不同地区家禽大肠杆菌血清型分布和耐药性比较研究

Comparative Research on Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry in Different Areas of China

近几年在中国东北、华南、华中和华北地区采样,得到鸡泄殖腔拭子292份、饲料和水29份、鸡舍尘土和垫料28份,共349份。用麦康凯培养基分离大肠杆菌,共分离到大肠杆菌241株(东北地区107株;华南地区107株;华中地区12株;华北地区15株),分离率为69.1%。共有血清型67种,每种血清型1～2株,个别血清型有10株左右。呈地区性和多样性分布,有些地区有优势型,有的地区优势型不明显。细菌耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,耐10～19种药物的菌株占50%以上,有一定地区性。总体上耐药率最高的是萘啶酸(88.1%),其它依次为四环素85.7%、磺胺甲基异恶唑81.0%、复方新诺明77.1%、氨苄西林76.2%、阿莫西林74.3%、链霉素66.2%、氟喹诺酮类57.1%～66.7%、氯霉素52.9%、庆大霉素39.0%、卡那霉素36.2%。细菌对氟苯尼考、奥格门丁、头孢曲松、头孢噻吩、阿米卡星普遍敏感,耐药率仅为0～19.5%。使用抗菌药的鸡场,对相应药物耐药率较高。该项研究为进一步分析研究耐药机理和制订兽医临床抗菌药使用规范奠定了基础。

Two hundred and forty one strains of Escherichia coli were collected from 349 samples isolated from 292 cloacas, 29 feed and water, 28 dust and padding in recent years (107 strains from Northeast,107 from South China,12 from central China,15 from North China). The percentage of isolation is 69.1%. There are 67 types of serogroup are distributed in various areas. Each serogroup owns 1-2 strains. Some areas have preponderant groups and others do not. The drug resistance of bacteria is so serious that it shows multi-drug-resistance and varies in different areas. The strains resistant to 10-19 drugs account for the majority. The highest percentage of resistance is Nalidixic (88.1%) on the whole. The percentage of resistance of others ranked as follows: Tetracycline 85.7%, Sulfamethoxazole 81.0%, Trimethoprim-sulfamethpxazole 77.1%, Ampicillin 76.2%, Amoxilline 74.3%, Streplomycin 66.2%, Fluoroquinolones 57.1%-66.7%, Chloramphenicol 52.9%, Gentamicin 39.0%, Kanamycin 36.2%. The bacteria are sensitive to Cefalexin, Amoxilline-clavulanic acid , Amikacin and Florfenicol. The drug resistance is more severe in the chicken farm using the same drugs. This study indicates the characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from avian in different areas of China. It will be a basis for studying drug-resistant mechanism and restricting the use of antimicrobial in the poultry industry.