小麦籽粒蛋白质组分的生态变异及与植株氮转化的关系研究

Ecological variation of wheat grain protein components and its relationships with N translocation

小麦籽粒蛋白质和蛋白质组分含量决定了小麦面团流变学特性和加工品质、籽粒蛋白质组分的形成与植株氮素吸收利用密切相关,且蛋白质组分的合成有一定的顺序性。对不同生态区的小麦籽粒蛋白质组分合成进行了研究。结果表明,蛋白质及组分含量存在明显的基因型差异,徐州点蛋白质和谷蛋白含量显著大于南京点;花期氮素积累量和花后氮素转运量徐州点显著大于南京点,而花后氮同化量南京点显著大于徐州点;清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,与花后植株氮素转运量呈显著正相关。不同生态点小麦花后发育速率模式基本一致,但南京点发育进程迟于徐州点;在籽粒形成期和灌浆后期,南京点的发育速率较快,降低了清蛋白和谷蛋白的合成,导致南京点籽粒蛋白质含量降低。

Wheat grain protein and protein components play a key role on grain-processing quality such as dough rheology and food cooking.The formations of protein components are in sequence and closely related to N accumulation and translocation after anthesis in wheat.Three wheat cultivars differing in grain protein contents grown at two different ecological sites were used to study the variations of protein and protein component contents.Significant genotype differences in protein and protein component contents were found among three wheat cultivars of the two eco-sites.There was a increase of crude protein content in wheat at Xuzhou signifiantly higher than that at Nanjing,which was resulted from the increase of albumin and glutenin contents.N accumulation and translocation after anthesis at Xuzhou were higher than that at Nanjing,while N assimilation after anthesis was higher at Nanjing than at Xuzhou.The contents of albumin,gliadinin and glutenin had soundly positive relationships with protein content and N translocation after anthesis.There were similar temporal shape of development rate after anthesis,but the highest rate appeared later at Nanjing than at Xuzhou.High development rate hampered the formation of albumin and glutenin in wheat at Nanjing,which led to a lower total grain protein in wheat at Nanjing than that at Xuzhou.