自我意识在西方哲学史上的发展历程

Development of self-consciousness in the history of western philosophy

西方哲学大体上经历了两次大的转向,伴随两次转向,我们可以看到自我范畴在西方哲学探索中萌芽、发展、确立这样一个过程。近代以二元论为前提的传统自我随着主体性的提升,日益暴露出理论局限性并陷入“自我中心的困境”。随着哲学范式的语言学转向或交互主体转向,许多哲学家分别从各自独特的理论视域出发对这一问题做出了不同的思考。

This Article reviews the development of self-consciousness in the history of western philosophy. The western philosophy has experienced two general great turns. Along with these two turns, we can see the self that developed at every step from sprout, development to establishment in western philosophy investigation. In modern times, traditional self regarded dualism as antecedence, which more and more exposed its theoretical limitations. With the sublimating of subjectivity, the self finally sank into “self-radius predicament”. With the linguistic turn or intersubjective turn of philosophy, many thinkers researched this problem from their own theoretical field of vision respectively.