80岁以上老年人259例运动现状的调查

Evaluating the physical activity status of 259 advanced aged people

目的了解80岁以上老年人运动现状及长期坚持运动对其身体健康的影响。方法于2004年3～9月对长期在我院卫干门诊就诊的北京部分80岁以上高级知识分子及局级领导干部进行问卷调查。结果259例年龄80～94岁平均(83.9±3.4)岁。221例(85.3%)都基本能坚持体育锻炼,均长达11年以上,其中48例(21.7%)从青少年时期就开始参加体育运动。每日运动时间≥60min者占34.4%,≥30～59min者占51.0%。≥60min较≥30min组的失眠、乏力、精力和食欲差分别改善者为20.3%、24.0%、21.7%和13.1%(P<0.01)。每日运动≥60min较运动≥30～59min组高血压、高脂血症及冠心病患病率明显降低,(P<0.01)。从青少年时期开始参加体育运动,较老年时期开始参加运动锻炼者,高血压、冠心病、高脂血症和骨科疾病患病率分别减少11.0%、15.0%、23.5%和39.2%(P<0.05)。结论80岁以上老年人长期坚持有氧运动可以改善高血压等疾病的症状,提高生活质量。从青少年开始参加体育运动并长期坚持,可能减少疾病,增进老年人的健康。

Objective To evaluate the physical activity status of the advanced aged adults and determine the influence of long-term physical activities on the physical function and health of the advanced aged adults. Methods A survey was carried out from March, 2004 to September, 2004, among those advanced aged intellectuals or cadres taken care chronically by the Patient Clinic for Senior Cadre in PUMC Hospital. Physical activity was assessed using the modified leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Results There were 259 participants, aged from 80 to 94 (83.92±3.41)years. 85.3%(221/259 cases)took physical activities almost every day for more than eleven years, and 21.7% of them (48/221 case)even stuck to it from their youth. Among these 221 participants, 34.4% took≥ 60 min per day of physical activities,and 51.0% ≥30 min per day. The group that took ≥ 60 min per day held a lower proportion than the group that took ≥ 30 min per day to suffer from agrypnia, debilitation, somasthenia and anorexy (by 20.3%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 13.1%,respectively(P<0.01), and to suffer from hypertension, hyperlipaemia and coronary heart disease as well (P<0.01). The participants who stuck to physical activities from their youth held a remarkably lower proportion to take hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipaemia and bone diseases than those who just started taking physical activities when they became the aged (by 11.0%, 15.0%, 23.5%, 39.2%,respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions The advanced aged adults who participate long-term oxygen-cost physical activities have better physical function and more opportunity to lessen their symptoms than those who do less or not at all. Sticking to physical activities from youth may confer great benefit to the advanced aged for healthy life and protection against diseases.