中国主要省区物质资本与人力资本利用效率及投资取向

ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN CAPITALIN MAIN PROVENCES OF CHINA

要实现区域的可持续发展,提高资源利用效率是一个根本性的问题。而作为主要生产资源的物质资本与人力资本的利用效率就具有更重要的意义。文章以经济增长理论为依据,利用生产函数分析了中国主要省区物质资本与人力资本对经济增长的贡献率,发现1990年代之后大多数省区的人力资本贡献率已超过了物质资本的贡献率,说明经济增长方式已发生了由外延式向内涵式的很好转变。进一步根据生产者均衡理论,计算了主要省区物质资本与人力资本的利用效率,发现大部分省区的利用效率没有达到最优状态,但1990年代以来利用效率在不断提高。在此基础上,计算了通过提高两项资本利用效率可带来的GDP增长潜力,发现当利用效率达到最高时GDP可增长近24%。由此给出了各省区物质资本与人力资本投资比例的调整方向。

Akeyissueforthe sustainable developmentisimprovingthe efficiency of resources ,especiallythe main productionresources—phys-ical capital and human capital .Based onthe Economic Growth Theory,the authors analyzedthe contributionrate of physical capital and humancapital to economic growthin 20 provinces andfoundthe main contributor to growth had changed fromphysical capital to human capital from1980s to 1990s .Further accordingtothe Production Theory,the highest efficiency of resources can be got whenthe marginal product revenuesof all inputs are equal .By calculating and comparingthe MPRs of physical and human capitals ,the authors concluded that the efficiency ofcapital in most provinces are lowbut improving.The potential GDP growthrate byimproving efficiencyis about 24 %.