中国农村合作医疗制度:历史、问题与改进

China's Rural Cooperative Medical System: History, Problem and Improvement

合作医疗制度在中国农村有近60年的发展历史,曾经辉煌一时,很好地解决了广大农民缺医少药的问题。然而在上世纪80年代初,由于种种原因,合作医疗制度迅速解体,之后虽然经各方努力,试图恢复和重建合作医疗制度,却始终成效不大。从合作医疗演变过程可以看出,合作医疗制度本身存在很多问题,这也是它不能持续稳定发展的重要原因,所以有必要进行完善。

The rural Cooperative Medical System(CMS) was established about sixty years ago in China. It was once brilliant and it well solved the masses of peasant's problem which is short of medicine. But at the beginning of the eighties of last century, for various reasons, the CMS disintegrated rapidly. Although many people tried to resume and rebuild the CMS through their efforts, but the effect is not obvious all the time. From the evolution of the CMS, we can see that the CMS itself has a lot of issues, and this is an important reason that the CMS can't develop continually and steadily too. So it is necessary to improve the CMS. These issues are analyzed in this article.