烟台地区花生黄花叶病毒病流行及防治研究

THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS(CMV)ON PEANUT IN YANTAI AREA

１９９２—１９９４年对烟台地区花生病毒病进行调查。由黄瓜花叶病毒ＣＡ株系（ＣＭＶ—ＣＡ）引起的花生黄花叶病毒病是当地花生上主要病害之一，花生病株比健株减产１９．４％—５２．４％。大田花生ＣＭＶ—ＣＡ种传率一般在０．５％以下，病害前期发生轻、扩散慢，７月底至８月初为发病高峰期。病害流行程度与５月下旬至６月中旬日平均气温和总降雨量有关。对１５份花生品种进行了抗病性鉴定，未发现抗病材料。采用以覆膜栽培结合苗期拔除病毒种传病苗为主的综防措施，可降低发病率８０％左右，显著增加花生产量。

The surveys conducted from 1992-1994 in Yantai Area,Shandong province revealed that peanut yellow mosaic disease caused by CMV-CA was one of main peanut diseases in this area.Pod yields of diseased peanut plants reduced by 19.4 %-52.4%.CMV transmission through peanut seeds was usually below 0.5% in the field.The disease spread slowly during the peanut early growing stage,the peak of the disease spread appeared at the end of July or the begining of Ausust.Epidemiolosy level of CMV disease was affected by temperature and rainfall from May 21 to June 20.No resistance was found among 15 peanut varieties(lines)tested.The experiment and demonstration of disease management showed application of plastic film mulch cultivation in combination with eradication of diseased seedlings from infected seeds in seedling stage could effectively control CMV disease and increase peanut yield.