上海市虹口区1951～2003年婴儿死亡率动态分析

A dynamic analysis of infant mortality rate during 1951-2003 in Hongkou district Shanghai

[目的] 监测上海市虹口区婴儿死亡的变化趋势,观察婴儿死亡率对平均期望寿命的影响,并采取相应措施降低婴儿死亡率. [方法] 对虹口区1951～2003年出生的623 855名活产婴儿以及同期死亡的16 559名婴儿的死亡资料以动态数列的方法进行分析. [结果] 婴儿死亡率从1951～1953年的54.41‰降至2000～2003年的4.82‰,下降速度为91.1%;新生儿死亡率从12.07‰降至2.53‰,下降速度为79.0%,受之影响平均期望寿命逐年上升.婴儿的主要死因已由1951年的传染病与寄生虫病改变为近年的新生儿病及先天畸形. [结论] 随着我区医疗事业的发展,婴儿死亡率显著降低.为降低婴儿死亡率,提高平均期望寿命,现阶段应以加强出生缺陷监测工作和提倡围产期保健作为重点.

[Objective] To monitor the changing trend of infant mortality rate (IMR) in Hongkou district Shanghai, observe how IMR affected average life expectancy, in order to take proper measures to reduce the rate. [Methods] Dynamic series analysis was used to analyze monitoring data of 623855 cases of live birth, 16559 cases of infant death in Hongkou district Shanghai during 1951-2003. [Results] The infant mortality rate and newborn baby mortality rate was 54.41 ‰ and 12.07% respectively in 1951-1953. Through intervention, they were reduced to 4.82 ‰ and 2.53% respectively in 2000-2003. The decline speed was 91.1% and 79.0% respectively ,which had significant effect on the average life expectancy and death structure. Contagious and parasitic diseases, which were the chief causes of death in the past have declined tremendously since 1951. Now newborn diseases and congenital abnormalities have become the main causes of infant death in recent years. [Conclusion] Along with the development of the medical profession in Hongkou district, their great effort have been taken to reduce the infant mortality rate. Now we should lay stress on monitoring birth defects and advocate perinatal health care, in order to reduce the IMR and increa the average life expectancy effectively.