刍论弋阳腔的特点和影响

On Characteristics and Influence of Yiyangqiang

弋阳腔是明代戏曲中的四大声腔之一,形成于江西东部一带。其特点表现为:保留了徒歌与帮腔,出现了滚调,曲牌联套具有民间音乐的灵活性和随意性。明代以来,弋阳腔流传到全国许多地方,并与当地的方言土语、民间腔调相结合,形成了川剧、湘剧、赣剧、婺剧、潮剧,安徽的四平腔、福建的闽剧、江苏的淮剧等许多新的地方剧种。

Forming in the easten part of Jiangxi Province,Yiyangqiang was one of the four main operatic tunes in the Ming Dynasty.It created a new kind of singing form:gundiao,while maintaining the traditional ones:tuge (singing without accompaniment) and bangqiang (responsory);its combination of qupais (fixed melodies),like folk music,was free and random.All these made its unique characteristics.From the Ming Dynasty,Yiyangqiang spread to many places of China.By incorporating local dialects and folk songs melodies,it evolved into many local operas,such as chuan opera,xiang opera,gan opera,wu opera,chao opera,sipingqiang of Anhui,min opera and huai opera of Jiangsu.