一位信守诗意的卓越“艺人”——当代文学源流中的汪曾祺

Wang Zengqi:A Remarkable "Artist" Who Sticked to Poetry

把汪曾祺放入当代文学的整个历史和实际的影响渊源中可以进一步证明和显示出汪曾祺创作和文论的特征与意义,并且可以说明汪曾祺在20世纪80年代的复出和见热,不只是“现代抒情小说”之一脉得以赓续的问题,而是表征了独立的纯文学在当代文学意识中的觉醒。汪曾祺的特征在于,借鉴和吸收外国文学养分的同时,创造性地传承、发扬了民族文化、民俗文化的优良传统和广大民众的生命精神,以“艺人”式的本分和“精英”式狷介,忠于文学的品性,以最自觉、苦心的话语实践策略和精湛的艺术技巧,创造出了具有鲜明的“民间性”和“自然性”的风格独特的艺术作品和富有见地的文学理论。不过,就作为小说之能事的“故事性”情节性”虚构性”而言,同沈从文、王安忆等相比,汪曾祺的小说理念有明显的局限和弱点。

Analysing Wang Zengqi's works in the context of the entire history of modern literature and assessing its actual influence on it can provide further clues and indications as to the characteristics and symbolizations used in his literary creations and criticisms.Meanwhile it suggests that his comeback and increasing popularity in the 1980s is not only the continuation of one of the schools of 'modern lyric novels' but also symbolizes the waking of pure literature,independent of modern literary thought.Wang Zengqi borrowed and assimilated the essence of foreign literature,as well as inheriting and promoting the fine traditions of national culture and folk culture,and the living spirit of the common people.With his decency as an 'artist' and uprightness as an 'elite',he stayed loyal to the nature of literature.With his heart-felt words and outstanding literary skills,he created pieces with distinctive 'folk style' and 'naturalness',and developed insightful literary theories.Nonetheless,as far as elements of novel writing are concerned,such as story,plot and imagination,Wang Zengqi's skills are apparently more limited and weaker compared to those of Shen Congwen,Wang Anyi and the like.