中国猪毛菜属(SalsolaL.)植物的地理分布特点

Geographical Distribution of Salsola L. in China

对中国猪毛菜属7组37种的地理分布的分析结果表明:亚洲荒漠植物亚区以种类的绝对优势及具有不同演化阶段的组成为中国猪毛菜属的分布中心,该区中以新疆为中心由西向东种类多样性递减;中国猪毛菜属生境主要为旱生、盐生环境(占总种数的92%),分布海拔可从平原地区的260m上升到高山地带3500m,一些种成为群落中的建群种及优势种;中国猪毛菜属的地理成分有6种类型,以伊朗-亚洲中部分布型及亚洲中部分布型为主(占总种数的78.38%),中国猪毛菜属与中亚地区的渊源关系十分密切,与东部地区的关系微弱,中国猪毛菜属种类是中亚地区的植物向东迁移形成的。

In this paper,the geographical distribution of 37 species in 7 sections of Salsola L. in China is analyzed.The results show that Asian desert vegetation subregion is the distribution centers of Salsola L. with its absolute advantages in species quantity and the different succession stages.Regarding Xinjiang as the center growing of Salsola L.,the species diversity in the subregion reduces gradually from the west to the east.The habitats of Salsola L. species growing in China are mainly the xeric and halophilous habitats,and the species of xeric and halophilous plants occupy 92% of the total species of Salsola L.The distribution elevation of Salsola L. species varies in a range of 260~3500 m a.s.l. from the plains to the alpine zones,and some species become as the community-building and dominant species.There are 6 geographical distribution patterns of Salsola L. in China, which are dominated by the Iran-Central-Asian geographical distribution pattern and Central Asian geographical distribution pattern,and their species occupy 78.38% of the total species of Salsola L.Salsola L. species in China are closely related to that in Central Asia but not to that in the east.The species of Salsola L. in China form and develop under the eastward migration of the species of Salsola L. in Central Asia.