论现代造船体制的特征和实践

ON THE PROPERTY AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SHIPBUILDING SYSTEM

中国一流船厂的造船综合生产效率仅为国际水平的十几分之一，症结在于尚未建立起符合成组技术原理的现代造船体制。笔者认为，混合工种的生产组织、流通量控制的生产管理、分道布置的生产流程和完舾涂一体化的作业方法是现代造船体制之基本特征，其实质是柔性化的流水生产。笔者提出了以理论研究为牵引，造船之首道工序为起点，从改革最基层的生产组织，建立“微型工厂”做起的实施思路。同时，论述了结合江南造船厂新建管子车间、广州造船厂引进管件生产线和大连造船厂建造超大型油船，研究实施现代高效生产体制的实践。

Even in China's most advanced shipyards, the comprehensive productivity is only some 7% of that of the world. The crux is the absence of a shipbuilding system matching with the principle of group technology. The main features of a modern shipbuilding system, in the author's point of view, include mixed production arrangement, production management of flow control, process control of separation lanes, and integrated hull construction, outfitting and painting. Really it is flexible production line. The authors also put forward an idea of a 'micro-factory', starting from the lst course of shipbuilding production and based on the basic production management. In this paper examples of the new piping shop in Jiangnan Shipyard, the piping production line introduced in GuangzhouShipyard and the newbuilding of a VLCC in Dalian New Shipyard are taken for the study of a modern high efficiency production system.