青藏高原与天山山地多年冻土地区生态环境状况的比较分析——以青藏公路格拉段与天山公路独库段为例

Comparative Analysis on Ecological Conditions of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau Permafrost Areas and Tianshan Mountain Permafrost Areas

以青藏公路格拉段与天山公路独库段为案例,在确定了两路段所穿越的多年冻土分布区的基础上,比较了青藏高原与天山山地多年冻土地区生态环境状况的差异性。这两个多年冻土地区生态环境的差别集中体现在多年冻土层和植被上。公路工程对青藏高原多年冻土地区的多年冻土层、植被、野生动物、水土流失,地表水系等都有影响,但对天山山地多年冻土地区的生态环境影响因生态环境特征的不同而出现差异,集中体现在地表水系所受的影响更大,且水土流失更为严重。

Taking Ge'ermu—Lhasa segment of Qinghai—Tibet Highway and Dushanzi—Kuche segment of Tianshan Highway for example,and on the basis of confirmation of corresponding traversed permafrost areas,this article compares the differences in ecological conditions between Qinghai—Tibet Plateau and Tianshan Mountain permafrost areas.The distinctions concentrate on Permafrost and vegetation.Ecological impacts of highway projects on Qinghai—Tibet Plateau permafrost areas are embodied in the degradation in permarrost,vegetation,wild animals,erosion and surface water catchments.However,Ecological impacts on Tianshan Mountain permafrost areas are different as a result of dissimilarities in ecological characteristics,which is demonstrated in the more serious impacts on surface water catchments and more severe erosion.